زكاة المال المُعَدّ لشراءِ بيت Zakaah on money that is set aside for buying a house

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زكاة المال المُعَدّ لشراءِ بيت

Zakaah on money that is set aside for buying a house

السؤال

أنا وزوجي موظفان بالدولة حيث عملت مند التحاقي بالوظيفة على ادخار جزء بسيط بقصد شراء بيت ، وإلى الآن ولمدة خمس عشرة سنة لم أتمكن من جمع نصف مبلغ البيت نظرا لغلاء المعيشة وغلاء العقارات بالمدن الكبرى .
سؤالي : كيف أن أؤدي الزكاة رغم أنه سيؤثر على المبلغ ؟.
نص الجواب




الحمد لله
من ملك نصابا وحال عليه الحول ، وجب عليه أن يزكيه ، ولو كان قد أعد المال لبناء بيت أو زواج أو حج أو غير ذلك ، لعموم الأدلة الدالة على وجوب زكاة المال .
ونصاب الأوراق النقدية الآن هو ما يعادل قيمة 595 جرامًا من الفضة ، والقدر الواجب إخراجه في الزكاة هو 2.5% أي ربع العشر .
والزكاة شرعها الله تعالى تطهيرا ونماء وبركة ، ومواساة للفقراء والمساكين ، وهي فريضة عظيمة ، لا يجوز التهاون في أدائها ، فإن المال مال الله تعالى ، وهو الذي أمر بالزكاة ، وتوعد من فَرَّط في أدائها ، كما قال سبحانه " وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَارْكَعُوا مَعَ الرَّاكِعِينَ " البقرة/43 ، وقال سبحانه " خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ " التوبة/103 .
وقال عز وجل " وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ " التوبة/34 .
والكنز هو كل مال وجبت فيه الزكاة ، ولم تُخرج .
وروى مسلم :987. عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم"مَا مِنْ صَاحِبِ ذَهَبٍ وَلا فِضَّةٍ لا يُؤَدِّي مِنْهَا حَقَّهَا إِلا إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ صُفِّحَتْ لَهُ صَفَائِحُ مِنْ نَارٍ ، فَأُحْمِيَ عَلَيْهَا فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ ، فَيُكْوَى بِهَا جَنْبُهُ وَجَبِينُهُ وَظَهْرُهُ ، كُلَّمَا بَرَدَتْ أُعِيدَتْ لَهُ ، فِي يَوْمٍ كَانَ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ ، حَتَّى يُقْضَى بَيْنَ الْعِبَادِ ، فَيَرَى سَبِيلَهُ إِمَّا إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَإِمَّا إِلَى النَّارِ " .
وأخبر صلى الله عليه وسلم أن الزكاة لا تنقص المال في الحقيقة ، بل تباركه وتزيده ، فقال "مَا نَقَصَتْ صَدَقَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ " رواه مسلم :2588.
ومسألة البركة في المال يغفل عنها كثير من الناس ، فقد يملك الإنسان الأموال الطائلة لكنها لا تكفيه ، ولا تحقق له ما يريد ، ولا يشعر معها براحة أو سعادة ، ويملك غيرُه مالاً قليلاً ، قد بورك فيه ، فيسعد به ويهنأ ، وهذا أمر مشاهد .
فلا تتردي أيتها الأخت في إخراج زكاة المال ، وأدي ذلك بنفس راضية ، وقلب مطمئن ، واعلمي أن رضا الله تعالى هو الغاية والمطلب ، وأن الدنيا عرض زائل ، ومتاع قليل "وَمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلا مَتَاعُ الْغُرُورِ" آل عمران/185 .
قال الشيخ ابن عثيمين رحمه الله " الواجب على المسلم أن يؤدي زكاة ماله كاملة ، طاعةً لله تعالى ورسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، وقياماً بأركان إسلامه ، وحماية لنفسه من العقوبة ، ولماله من النقص ونزع البركة ، فالزكاة غنيمة وليست غُرْماً ، قال الله تعالى " خُذْ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمْ وَتُزَكِّيهِمْ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ صَلاتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَهُمْ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ" .
والواجب على من آتاه الله مالا تجب فيه الزكاة أن يحصيه إحصاء دقيقاً . . .
والأموال ثلاثة أقسام :
القسم الأول : قسم لا إشكال في وجوب الزكاة فيه ، كالنقود من الذهب والفضة وما يقوم مقامهما من الأوراق النقدية ، ففيه الزكاة ، سواء أعدّه للتجارة ، أو النفقة ، أو لشراء بيت يسكنه ، أو لصداق يتزوج به ، أو غير ذلك .
القسم الثاني : قسم لا إشكال في عدم وجوب الزكاة فيه ، كبيته الذي يسكنه ، وسيارته التي يركبها ، وفرش بيته ونحو ذلك ، وهذان أمرهما واضح .
القسم الثالث : قسم فيه إشكال كالديون في الذمم ، فالواجب سؤال أهل العلم عنه حتى يكون العبد فيه على بينة في دينه ليعبد الله تعالى على بصيرة .
ولا يحل للمسلم أن يتهاون في أمر الزكاة ، أو يتكاسل في أدائها إلى أهلها ، لما في ذلك من الوعيد الشديد في كتاب الله تعالى ، وسنة رسوله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ..." انتهى من "مجموع فتاوى الشيخ ابن عثيمين" 18/299.
وفقنا الله وإياك لما يحب ويرضى .
والله أعلم .


المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب

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Zakaah on money that is set aside for buying a house

Question

My husband and I are employed and since I started working, I started to save a small portion of my salary with the aim of buying a house. Up till now, fifteen years later, I have not been able to save half the amount of money needed to buy a house, because of the high cost of living and the high costs of real estate in major cities. My question is: how should I pay zakaah, even if that will affect the amount of money?.

Answer




Praise be to Allaah. If a person owns the nisaab (minimum amount of wealth at which zakaah becomes due) and one full hijri year has passed since he acquired it, then he must pay zakaah on it, even if he has set that money aside to build a house or get married or go for Hajj and so on, because of the general meaning of the evidence which states that paying zakaah on wealth is obligatory.
The nisaab for cash is the equivalent of 597 grams of silver, and the rate that must be given is 2.5%, i.e., one quarter of one tenth.
Zakaah has been enjoined by Allaah in order to purify wealth, make it grow and bring blessing, and to help the poor and needy. It is a great obligation and it is not permissible to neglect it, for wealth belongs to Allaah and He is the One Who has enjoined zakaah and has warned against neglecting it. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And perform As-Salaah (Iqaamat-as-Salaah), and give Zakaah, and bow down (or submit yourselves with obedience to Allaah) along with Ar‑Raaki‘oon”
[al-Baqarah 2:43]
“Take Sadaqah (alms) from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allaah for them. Verily, your invocations are a source of security for them; and Allaah is All-Hearer, All-Knower”
[al-Tawbah 9:103]
“And those who hoard up gold and silver (Al‑Kanz: the money, the Zakaah of which has not been paid) and spend them not in the way of Allaah, announce unto them a painful torment”
[al-Tawbah 9:34]
Kanz refers to all kinds of wealth that is subject to zakaah but on which zakaah has not been paid.
Muslim (987) narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “There is no owner of gold or silver who does not pay what is due on them, but when the Day of Resurrection comes, there will be beaten out for him plates of fire which will be heated in the Fire of Hell, and his sides, forehead and back will be branded with them. Every time they cool down they will be reheated for him, on a day the length of which is as fifty thousand years, until judgement is passed among the people. Then he will be shown his path, either to Paradise or to Hell.”
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told us that wealth does not in fact decrease because of zakaah, rather it is blessed and increases. He said: “Wealth does not decrease because of charity.” Narrated by Muslim, 2588.
Many people neglect the issue of blessing on wealth. A person may own huge amounts of wealth but it is not enough for him, and it does not bring him what he wants; he does not feel any sense of ease or happiness because of it. But someone else may own a small amount of wealth that has been blessed for him, so he is happy and content with it. This is something that is well known.
So do not hesitate to pay zakaah on your wealth, and do that willingly and cheerfully. Remember that the pleasure of Allaah is what we are seeking, and this world is transient and passing, and a pleasure that will soon fade.
“The life of this world is only the enjoyment of deception (a deceiving thing)”
[Aal ‘Imraan 3:185]
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: What the Muslim should do is pay his zakaah in full, in obedience to Allaah and His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), fulfilling the pillars of Islam and protecting himself from punishment and protecting his wealth from loss and being deprived of blessing. Zakaah is a bounty, not a penalty. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Take Sadaqah (alms) from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allaah for them. Verily, your invocations are a source of security for them; and Allaah is All-Hearer, All-Knower”
[al-Tawbah 9:103]
The one to whom Allaah has given wealth must work out the zakaah precisely.
Wealth is of three kinds:
1 – Wealth on which zakaah is definitely due, such as cash in gold and silver or the notes and bills that have taken their place. Zakaah is due on this whether it is set aside for trade, spending, buying a house to live in or a dowry with which to get married, etc.
2 – Wealth on which zakaah is definitely not due, such as the house in which one lives, the car which one drives, the furnishings of one’s house, and so on.
These two matters are clear.
3 – Kinds of wealth concerning which there is some difference of opinion, such as debts that are still owed. What you should do is ask the scholars about this so that you will understand your religious duties and worship Allaah properly.
It is not permissible for a Muslim to be careless about the matter of zakaah, or to be lazy about giving it to those who are entitled to it, because of the stern warning concerning that which is mentioned in the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
End quote from Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 18/299
May Allaah help us and you to do that which He loves and which pleases him.
And Allaah knows best.

Source: Islam Q&A