[أم أبي التراب]

A BENEFIT..
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If someone has doubts and made as in the previous example, then he became sure that there is no increase or decrease in his prayer, he doesn't have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw , as he became sure that his prayer is complete. Others say he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw to humilate the devil, and because he had doubts in part of his prayer. And this the most preferred.

EXAMPLE
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Someone prayed and doubted whether this rak'a is the second or the third, then he made it the second and completed his prayer, but after that he discovered that it's really the second:
The first opinion: he has no Sujoud Al sahw. This is correct.
The second opinion: he has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw which is the most preferred.

If the Imam forgets, the people praying after him (ma'momeen), should follow him in Sujuoud Al Sahw.

If the Imam forgets, the people praying after him should follow him in Sujuoud Al Sahw, even if they didn't forget.

إنَّما جُعِلَ الإمَامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ به، فلا تَخْتَلِفُوا عليه، فَإِذَا رَكَعَ، فَارْكَعُوا، وإذَا قالَ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَن حَمِدَهُ، فَقُولوا: رَبَّنَا لكَ الحَمْدُ، وإذَا سَجَدَ فَاسْجُدُوا، وإذَا صَلَّى جَالِسًا، فَصَلُّوا جُلُوسًا أجْمَعُونَ، وأَقِيمُوا الصَّفَّ في الصَّلَاةِ، فإنَّ إقَامَةَ الصَّفِّ مِن حُسْنِ الصَّلَاةِ"

The prophet, peace be upon him, said, "The Imam is to be followed; say Takbir when he says it; bow when he bows; rise when he rises and when he says "Sami`a l-lahu liman hamidah," say, "Rabbana wa laka l-hamd", and prostrate if he prostrates...Sit like him if he sits in his prayer, and straighten your rows as the straightening of rows is essential for a perfect and correct prayer. Al Bukhari.

The people following the Imam (Ma'momeen) follow him whether he performed Sujuoud Al Sahw before or after Al Tasleem. But if the Imam performed Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem, the followers, who missed some of the prayer and compensated it, couldn't follow him, they perform Al Tasleem then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

EXAMPLE
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If someone entered the prayer while the Imam is giving the fourth rak'a, and the Imam has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw after Al Tasleem, then this person completes his prayer, performs Al Tasleem, then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

A QUESTION
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If the Imam sees that Sujuoud Al Sahw is not obligatory and the Ma'mom (the one following the Imam) sees it's obligatory;
does the Ma'mom have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw?

As in the first Tashahud, some scholars say it's sunnah, as Al Shaf'y, and it doesn't need Sujuoud Al Sahw.. The answer is No, because the Ma'mom has to follow his Imam.

There's argument between scholars, if the Imam has to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw and he didn't perform it, the Ma'momeen made Al Tasbeeh to remind him, some say that the Ma'momeen have to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw as the prayer is deficient and they have to complete it. Others say that they have to follow the Imam..

If the Ma'mom forgets while praying after the Imam, he shouldn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw, and the Imam bears the forgetfulness as most of the scholars said including the four Imams and others.

The Prophet 's companions used to forget while praying after the prophet, peace be upon him, if they were alone, they would perform Sujuoud Al Sahw but while praying after the prophet, they didn't perform it.. If they did it, they would transform it to us.. This is proved by the Hadeeth of Mu'awiya Ibn Al Hakam Al Salami who talked unintentionally in his prayer after the prophet and the prophet didn't ask him to perform Sujuoud Al Sahw.

Sheikh Ibn Al Othaimeen said that if the Ma'mom forgets anything in his prayer, he doesn't perform Sujuoud Al Sahw because he has to follow his Imam. The prophet's companions left the first Tashahud, when the prophet forgot it, and this to follow their Imam.

If the Ma'mom missed something in his prayer after the Imam or in what he prayed to compensate his prayer, he should perform Sujuoud Al Sahw either before or after Al Tasleem as we previously mentioned.

EXAMPLE
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Ma'mom forgot to say Sami'Allahu liman hamidah, he didn't miss any rukn, he has no Sujoud Al sahw, but if he forgot any rak'a or more he should perform it, then perform Sujuoud Al Sahw before Al Tasleem. Ibn Al Othaimeen.