صلاة كبير السن الذي وصل إلى مرحلة الخرف Prayer of an elderly person who has reached the stage of senility

[أم أبي التراب]

صلاة كبير السن الذي وصل إلى مرحلة الخرف

Prayer of an elderly person who has reached the stage of senility

السؤال

والدتي تبلغ من العمر 61 عاما تعول جدي البالغ من العمر بضعا وتسعين عاماً ، بدأ منذ فترة بعيدة بفقدان عقله وبدأ يهيأ له بعض الأمور ، كما أنه ليس لديه إحساس بالوقت ، وعندما يقوم للصلاة ونعلمه أن هذا الوقت هو وقت الظهر مثلاً نجده يصلي المغرب أو الفجر على سبيل المثال ، ينادي على أمي في منتصف الليل لتقوم له بإحضار وجبة الإفطار أو ليصلي العصر على سبيل المثال ، السؤال : هل على جدي صلاة أم أنها مرفوعة عنه؟
من الممكن أن ينادي جدي على أمي تكراراً ومراراً دون أن يكون له حاجة ، فتارة يسألها عن الساعة وتارة يحكي لها قصة تاريخية ، ووالدتي كبيرة في السن ولا تتحمل الذهاب والإياب إلى غرفته بكثرة ، فهل إذا تيقنت أمي أنه ليس لديه حاجة وأنها قامت بمتطلباته من أكل ووضوء وصلاة وما إلى ذلك هل من الممكن ألا ترد عليه دون أن تأثم بذلك ؟،، وخصوصاً أنه كثير النداء في منتصف الليل .
نص الجواب




الحمد لله
أولًا :
إذا كان الأمر كما ذكرت ، فإن جدك لا تجب عليه الصلاة ؛ لاختلال عقله ، وقد قال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ : عَنْ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ ، وَعَنْ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ ، وَعَنْ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَعْقِلَ "رواه أبو داود :4403، والترمذي :1423، والنسائي :3432، وابن ماجه :2041: قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَادَ فِيهِ " وَالْخَرِفِ ".
والحديث صححه الألباني في صحيح أبي داود .
والخرف هو فساد العقل بسبب كبر السن ، وقد ذكر في "عون المعبود" ضعف هذه الرواية التي فيها ذكر " الخرف" من حيث الإسناد ، إلا أنه ذكر عن السبكي ما يفيد أن معناها صحيح ، قَالَ السُّبْكِيّ : الخرف زَائِد عَلَى الثَّلَاثَة ، وَهَذَا صَحِيح ، وَالْمُرَاد بِهِ الشَّيْخ الْكَبِير الَّذِي زَالَ عَقْله مِنْ كِبَر ؛ فَإِنَّ الشَّيْخ الْكَبِير قَدْ يَعْرِض لَهُ اِخْتِلاط عَقْل يَمْنَعهُ مِنْ التَّمْيِيز ، وَيُخْرِجهُ عَنْ أَهْلِيَّة التَّكْلِيف ، وَلا يُسَمَّى جُنُونًا ; لأَنَّ الْجُنُون يَقْبَل الْعِلاج وَالْخَرَف بِخِلافِ ذَلِكَ , وَلِهَذَا لَمْ يَقُلْ فِي الْحَدِيث " حَتَّى يَعْقِل " لأَنَّ الْغَالِب أَنَّهُ لا يَبْرَأ مِنْهُ إِلَى الْمَوْت , وَلَوْ بَرِئَ فِي بَعْض الأَوْقَات بِرُجُوعِ عَقْله تَعَلَّقَ بِهِ التَّكْلِيف " انتهى .
وقال الشيخ ابن عثيمين رحمه الله مبينا أن الخرف يرفع التكليف " لا يجب الصوم أداءً إلا بشروط : أولها : العقل. الثاني : البلوغ. الثالث : الإسلام. الرابع : القدرة. الخامس : الإقامة. السادس : الخلو من الحيض والنفاس بالنسبة للنساء.
- الأول : العقل وضده فقد العقل ، سواءً بجنون أو خرف يعني : هرم ، أو حادث أزال عقله وشعوره ، فهذا ليس عليه شيء ؛ لفقد العقل ، وعلى هذا فالكبير الذي وصل إلى حد الهذرمة ليس عليه صيام ولا إطعام ؛ لأنه لا عقل له ، وكذلك من أغمي عليه بحادث أو غيره فإنه ليس عليه صوم ولا إطعام ؛ لأنه ليس بعاقل " انتهى من "لقاء الباب المفتوح".
والحاصل أن من وصل إلى مرحلة الخرف ، وأصبح لا يدرك الوقت ، ولا يميز بين الصلوات ، فهذا لا تجب عليه الصلاة .
ثانيًا :
إذا قامت والدتك بما يحتاجه جدك من طعام وشراب وغيره ، وغلب على ظنها أن نداءه لها ، ليس لحاجة ، وإنما هو بسبب ما اعتراه من الكبر ، فلا حرج عليها في ترك إجابته ، لاسيما مع حصول المشقة بذلك .
والله أعلم .


المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب

[أم أبي التراب]

Prayer of an elderly person who has reached the stage of senility

Question

My mother is 61 years old and she is looking after my grandfather who has reached the age of 90-odd. A long time ago he began to lose his mind and he started imagining things that are not real. He has no sense of time, and when he gets up to pray and we tell him that it is time for Zuhr, for example, we find him praying Maghrib or Fajr. He calls out to my mother in the middle of the night, telling her to get up and make him breakfast or help him get up to pray ‘Asr, for example. My question is: Does my grandfather have to pray or is it waived in his case
?
My grandfather sometimes calls my mother repeatedly for no reason, and sometimes he asks her what time it is and sometimes he tells her some historical story. My mother is also getting on in years and she cannot keep getting up and going to his room. If she is certain that he does not need anything and that she has met all his needs of food, wudoo’, prayer etc, can she refrain from answering him without incurring sin? Especially since he calls her a lot in the middle of the night.
Answer




Praise be to Allaah. Firstly:
If the matter is as you describe, then your grandfather is not obliged to pray, because of his losing his mind, The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The Pen has been lifted from three: from the sleeping person until he wakes up, from the minor until he grows up, and from the insane person until he comes to his senses.” Narrated by Abu Dawood (4403), al-Tirmidhi (1423), al-Nasaa’i (3432) and Ibn Maajah (2041). Abu Dawood said: It was narrated by Ibn Jurayj from al-Qaasim ibn Yazeed from ‘Ali (may Allaah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and he added: “And the one who is senile.” This hadeeth was classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Abi Dawood.
Senility refers to when a person loses his mind as the result of reaching a great age. It is stated in ‘Awn al-Ma’bood that the report which mentions senility is da’eef (weak) because of the isnaad, but something which suggests that the meaning is valid was narrated from al-Subki. Al-Subki said: Senility may be added to these three, and it is valid. What is meant thereby is an elderly man who has lost his mind due to his great age. An old man may become confused and unable to distinguish things, which may mean that he is no longer accountable, but he is not described as insane, because an insane person may be treated whereas a senile person cannot be treated. Hence it does not say in the hadeeth “until he recovers”, because in most cases he cannot recover from it, until he dies. If he does recover from it sometimes and comes back to his senses, then he is accountable again. End quote.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) explained that senility means that one is no longer accountable: Fasting is not obligatory unless certain conditions are met: one, being of sound mind; two, being an adult; three, being Muslim; four, being able to do it; five, not being a traveller; six, being free of menses and postpartum bleeding (nifaas) in the case of women.
1 – Being of sound mind, the opposite of which is having lost one’s mind, whether that is due to insanity or senility, i.e., old age, or because of an accident which has caused one to lose one’s mind and sense of awareness. Such a person is not obliged to do anything because he has lost his mind. Based on this, the old man who has reached the stage of senility is not obliged to fast or feed poor persons instead, because he lost all sense of reason. Similarly the one who loses consciousness due to an accident etc is not obliged to fast or feed poor persons instead, because he is not of sound mind. End quote from Liqa’ al-Baab il-Maftooh.
To conclude, the person who has reached the stage of senility and has no sense of time and cannot distinguish between the prayers is not obliged to pray.
Secondly:
If your mother has taken care of what your grandfather needs, such as food and drink, etc, and she thinks it most likely that his calling for her is not due to some need, and it is just because of his senility, then there is no sin on her if she does not answer him, especially since that is causing her hardship.
And Allaah knows best.


Source: Islam Q&A